Belief system in Neolithic society

M.A History First Year Courses Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016 Sessions

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAIL SOCITIES

Course Code: MHI-01

Assignment Code: MHI-01/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q5:- Write short notes on any two of the following in 250 words each:

Belief system in Neolithic society.

Ans : The religious beliefs and practices of Neolithic societies are derived from the archeological record, as no there are no written accounts. The elaborate burial mounds, often, like Egyptian pyramids, containing implements, suggest belief in an afterlife. Marija Gimbutas (1921-1994) who taught archeology at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) developed the theory that Neolithic societies in Europe were matriarchal and worshiped the mother-goddess. This fits the archeological record although her theory was considered controversial, since she not only contrasted Neolithic goddess-worship with the more male-dominated religion of the Bronze period but suggested that the former societies were more peaceful and socially inclusive. She considered Neolithic societies to be goddess-centered and matriarchal ("gynocentric," or "gylanic"), and the Bronze Age Indo-European to be patriarchal ("androcratic." According to her, gynocentric / gylanic societies were peaceful; they honored homosexuals; and they espoused economic equality.

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