IGNOU MAH SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS: September 2016

Friday, September 16, 2016

The concept of Total War

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q10:- Write short notes on any two of the following in about 250 words each.

iv. The concept of Total War

Ans :

Total war was introduced to Britain in May 1915 and was to last until the end of the war in November 1918 Total War put the whole country on a compulsory war footing with the government controlling it.

When war was declared in August 1914, a certain naivety enveloped the whole country. Many did believe that the war would be over by Christmas 1914- hence the rush by young men to volunteer........

(For the complete answer and also the full set of answers of MHI-01, 02, 04 & 05 mail me : ignousolvedmahassignmentz@gmail.com, you may also call or Whatsapp me to get instant reply: +919947147185)

The Decembrist Uprising

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q10:- Write short notes on any two of the following in about 250 words each.

iii. The Decembrist Uprising

Ans : The Decembrist Revolt was undertaken on December 26, 1825 to protest the ascension of Tsar Nicholas I to the throne after the death of his father Alexander I. When Alexander died, it was assumed that Constantine would take the throne so many officers pledged their allegiance to him. Constantine declined the role publicly but some of the officers did not know it or did not believe it. Nicholas I stepped forward but he was terribly unpopular so about 3,000 officers decided to take action.

Balance-of-power

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q10:- Write short notes on any two of the following in about 250 words each.

ii. Balance-of-power

Ans : The balance of power is one of the oldest and most enduring concepts of international relations. In a world of powerful and threatening states, it is often the only dependable strategy. It is surprising, therefore, that since the end of the Cold War, the dynamics of power balancing have been all but absent: the great powers have not formed counterbalancing coalitions to guard against U.S. predominance and are unlikely to anytime soon.

Mercantilism

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q10:- Write short notes on any two of the following in about 250 words each.

i) Mercantilism

Ans : The British had an empire to run. The way that they kept their economy healthy was through a system called mercantilism. Mercantilism was a popular economic philosophy in the 17th and 18th centuries. In this system, the British colonies were moneymakers for the mother country. The British put restrictions on how their colonies spent their money so that they could control their economies. They put limits on what goods the colonies could produce, whose ships they could use, and most importantly, with whom they could trade. The British even put taxes called duties on imported goods to discourage this practice. This pushed the colonists to buy only British goods, instead of goods from other European countries.

The consumerist movement in Europe

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q9:- Write in brief on the consumerist movement as it developed in Europe.

Ans : In modern times, the term “consumerism” has been associated with a preoccupation with the acquisition of goods and commodities. Traditionally, it has been used with negative connotations – as a “problem” that indicates a lack of discretion among “buyers” and “consumers” regarding what goods to buy and why to buy them in an increasingly commercialized environment. Among Marxist thinkers especially, what happened has been linked to exploitation under industrial capitalism.

Non-Aligned movement

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q8:- Write a note on the Non-Aligned movement.

Ans : In the words of our ‘first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, non-aligned means “nations which object to lining up for war purposes, to military blocs, to military alliance and the like”. It is not merely a policy of non-involvement with military blocs but a policy for creating world peace. India played a pioneering role in making non-alignment a major force in the world.

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a group of states considering themselves not aligned formally with or against any major power bloc. As of 2011, the movement had 120 members and 17 observer countries. Generally speaking..........

The relationships between demography and socio-economic change

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q7:- Analyse the relationships between demography and socio-economic change.

Ans : Demography is visualised as the instrument to bring about any Socio-economic change for the betterment of (all sections of) the Society.

Demography: Society Linkages: Now we will try to establish the relationships between demographic and social and economic change. For Malthus, unregulated demographic growth is the result of crisis and finally turned into balance between food supply and demand. According to Malthus,.............

The nature of international rivalries in the 20th century

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q6:- What was the nature of international rivalries in the 20th century?

Ans : Technological change and economic integration were greatly accelerated during and after the global conflicts marking the 20^th century, leading to ‘globalization’ and conditions for new challenges, opportunities, and rivalries in the 21st Century.

The 20th Century was indeed an age of extremes and provided ample empirical data

to support or refute various social and political theories. Also, it was in the 20th Century that International Relations came to be recognized as an academic discipline separate from history or political science, and a respectable body of theoretical literature on relations among states was accumulated.

Commercial capitalism

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q5:- Write short notes on any two of the following in about 250 words each.

iv. Commercial capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for a private profit; decisions regarding supply, demand, price, distribution, and investments are made by private actors in the market rather than by central planning by the government; profit is distributed to owners who invest in businesses, and wages are paid to workers employed by businesses and companies.

Commercial capitalism is another word for mercantilism. Mercantilism suggests that the ruling government should advance its goals by playing a protectionist role in the economy and encouraging exports and discouraging imports, notably through the use of subsidies and tariffs respectively. The assumption was that trade is a zero sum game.

Bureaucratization

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q5:- Write short notes on any two of the following in about 250 words each.

iii. Bureaucratization

Bureaucratisation could be said to encompass the processes both of the centralization and expansion and of the professionalization of all institutions; and this happens as much in government as in the other principal structures of power like political parties, trade unions,

corporations, the armed forces, and the educational, religious, legal, and medical and other technical establishments, as also what has come to be known as the non-governmental organizations.

Its principles are well-known. It consists in centralizing decision-making through a tight chain of command,..............

Secularization

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q5:- Write short notes on any two of the following in about 250 words each.

ii. Secularization

Secularization refers to the historical process in which religion loses social and cultural significance. As a result of secularization the role of religion in modern societies becomes restricted. In secularized societies faith lacks cultural authority, religious organizations have little social power, and public life proceeds without reference to the supernatural. Secularization captures a long-term societal change, but it has consequences for religion itself. In Western countries, where it has

been most pronounced, it has made the connection to their Christian heritage more tenuous. Yet secularization is important beyond the formerly Christian West, given that many of the forces that first sustained it

Humanism

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q5:- Write short notes on any two of the following in about 250 words each.

i) Humanism

Ans : “Humanism is a democratic and ethical life stance that affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives. Humanism stands for the building of a more humane society through an ethics based on human and other natural values in a spirit of reason and free inquiry through human capabilities. Humanism is not theistic, and it does not accept supernatural views of reality.”

De-colonization and the various approaches towards decolonization

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q4:- What do you understand by de-colonization? Explain the various approaches towards decolonization.

Ans : The term decolonization is used here in the second sense, as coterminous with the colonial peoples’ struggle for achievement of independence. The term decolonization is believed to have been coined in 1932 by an expatriate German scholar Moritz Julius Bonn for his section on Imperialism in the Encyclopedia of the Social

Sciences. A recent study (Springhall, 2001) has defined decolonization as the surrender of external political sovereignty over colonized non European peoples plus the emergence of independent territories where once

Decolonization is a political process, frequently involving violence. In extreme circumstances, there is a war of independence, sometimes following a revolution. More often, there is a dynamic cycle where negotiations fail, minor disturbances ensue resulting in suppression by the

police

The concept of welfare state and a comparison between the English and the Japanese welfare states.

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q3:- Define the concept of welfare state. Make a comparison between the English and the Japanese welfare states.

Ans : The welfare state describes a variety of political practices and processes related to the arrangement of a social and economic order within a polity. It is relevant for global studies from at least four perspectives. First, it is embraced by many states as a conscious normative order for the organization of social justice and equal opportunity. Second, it is criticized as an obstacle for the self-regulating forces of the free market within a state as well as globally from one variety of liberal thought. Third, it is challenged by global market forces. At the same time, fourth, it serves as an exemplary way of regulating the social and has been appropriated as a form of internal political regulation by non-Western countries since the end of World War II and increasingly since the end of decolonization.

Nationalism and the emergence of nationalism in modern world.

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q2:- What is nationalism? Write a note on the emergence of nationalism in modern world.

Ans : Nationalism is a modern movement. Throughout history people have been attached to their native soil, to the traditions of their parents, and to established territorial authorities; but it was not until the end of the 18th century that nationalism began to be a generally recognized sentiment molding public and private life and one of the great, if not the greatest, single determining factors of modern history. Because of its dynamic vitality and its all-pervading character, nationalism is often thought to be very old; sometimes it is mistakenly regarded as a permanent factor in political behaviour.

How did Enlightenment influence the socio-economic order in Europe?

M.A History

First Year Courses

Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016

Sessions

MHI-02: MODERN WORLD

Course Code: MHI-02

Assignment Code: MHI-02/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

SECTION – A

Q1:- In what ways did the Enlightenment influence the socio-economic order in Europe?

Ans : The Enlightenment embodied the spirit of optimism. Its advocates believed that they lived in a world marked by greater wellbeing and happiness of all. There was visible progress in every walk of life and indeed the possibility that men could now shape their future. Reason and scientific rationality had emancipated men from the “empire of fate” so that they could advance firmly and surely towards the apprehension of truth and the creation of a world free from scarcity, hunger and disease. This vision of liberation and progress was accompanied by the understanding that men now had the “determination” and the “courage” to use their intelligence to challenge religious dogmas and discover for themselves the laws by which the natural and the social world are governed. The enlightened mind could therefore think of controlling nature, harnessing its energies for the advantage of humankind and shaping a better social world.

Family structures in medieval Europe

M.A History First Year Courses Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016 Sessions

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAIL SOCITIES

Course Code: MHI-01

Assignment Code: MHI-01/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q10:- Write short notes on any two of the following in 250 words each:

Family structures in medieval Europe

Ans : A family is something everyone has and being in different family situations, lives of people easily changed. Those who were married or born into a rich family would have led a rich life. Segregation between men and women were also found in family life, like ill treatment wives received from their husbands. Children were shaped out by their environment, especially the one their parent’s create. During the Middle Ages, the life of one person was easily reflected to how his family status was.

In Medieval Europe, marriages had almost nothing to do with love or romance. In fact, marriages were used to affect the family, the economy, and inheritance1.

Gunpowder revolution

M.A History First Year Courses Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016 Sessions

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAIL SOCITIES

Course Code: MHI-01

Assignment Code: MHI-01/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q10:- Write short notes on any two of the following in 250 words each

Gunpowder revolution

Ans : "The Gunpowder Revolution" is a computer based set of miniatures rules for Renaissance Europe, Asia & the Americas. This transition period of the introduction of gunpowder is probably the most diverse period of wargaming we have encountered. It encompasses Late Stone Age cultures ( Javanese, Aztec & Inca), Feudal cultures in Asia (eg. China & Japan) and the cultures influenced by the Renaissance and Reformation within Europe itself. Beyond this geographic area and time period, the introduction of linear techniques in the late 1600's and early 1700's alters the basis for warfare to such an extent that...........

Anabaptists

M.A History First Year Courses Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016 Sessions

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAIL SOCITIES

Course Code: MHI-01

Assignment Code: MHI-01/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q10:- Write short notes on any two of the following in 250 words each:

Anabaptists

Ans : The Anabaptists were separatists who rejected infant baptism and believed that the outward, external church should consist only of saved and baptized believers. They would rebaptize those who professed Christ who had previously been baptized as infants. The preposition ana means "again," thus Anabaptists were those who "baptized again."

The Anabaptist movement officially began around 1522 in Zurich, Switzerland, when certain men wanted the Reformation to proceed more quickly and to be patterned more along New Testament lines than along those pursued by Ulrich Zwingli. Thus, there was a break between Zwingli and these more radical reformers.