IGNOU MAH SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS

Contribution of Copernicus

M.A History First Year Courses Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016 Sessions

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAIL SOCITIES

Course Code: MHI-01

Assignment Code: MHI-01/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q10:- Write short notes on any two of the following in 250 words each:

Contribution of Copernicus

Ans: Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), the Polish clergyman and astronomer studied Church law and astronomy in various European universities such as Krakow, Bologna, Padua and Ferrara. He was bothered by many inconsistencies in the Ptolemaic (geo-centric) model of the universe. The earth-centered model of Ptolemy, the last great astronomer, who lived in Alexandria in the second century A.D, did not fit with many actual observed facts about planets and stars. It was also a complex and unwieldy system of spheres and epicycles. In order to explain the apparent retrograde motion of planets, Ptolemy explained that each planet moved in small circles around an invisible centre, which in term moved in a larger circle orbiting the Earth. This basic concept, which he called epicycles, served roughly to reconcile the differences between observation and Aristotle’s earlier theory that all heavenly objects rotated around the Earth in concentric spheres, set one within the other. The great medieval scholar, William of Ockham (1285-1349) had cautioned against adopting such complicated theories.

(For the complete answer and also the full set of answers of MHI-01, 02, 04 & 05 mail me : ignousolvedmahassignmentz@gmail.com, you may also call or Whatsapp me to get instant reply: +919947147185)

Spread and organization of merchant communities in India

M.A History First Year Courses Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016 Sessions

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAIL SOCITIES

Course Code: MHI-01

Assignment Code: MHI-01/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q9:- Give a brief account of the spread and organization of merchant communities in India.

Ans : In medieval India the trading activities were very well developed and large scale trade was carried both inland and overseas. Highly specialized business communities had emerged. There were different groups of merchants dealing in specific commodities and regions. There were some groups who dealt in trading between hinter lands and towns while some others as big merchants in towns. Still other groups were involved in long distance trade over land or seas. In this section we will discuss these varied business communities and their organisation.

How did technological development change the warfare in medieval period?

M.A History First Year Courses Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016 Sessions

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAIL SOCITIES

Course Code: MHI-01

Assignment Code: MHI-01/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q8:- How did technological development change the warfare in medieval period?

Ans : Medieval warfare is the warfare of the Middle Ages. In Europe, technological, cultural, and social developments had forced a dramatic transformation in the character of warfare from antiquity, changing military tactics and the role of cavalry and artillery. In terms of fortification, the Middle Ages saw the emergence of the castle in Europe and spread to the Middle East.

The Middle Ages saw the development of new modes of warfare encompassing both pitched battles and siege warfare. Then as now the western world was engaged in an arms race. New weapons technology prompted new defensive technologies, for example the introduction of cross-bows led quickly to the adoption of plate armour rather than chain mail.

Religious tradition in pre-modern China

M.A History First Year Courses Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016 Sessions

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAIL SOCITIES

Course Code: MHI-01

Assignment Code: MHI-01/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q7:- Discuss the religious tradition in pre-modern China.

Ans : China is one of the most ancient civilizations on earth, and Chinese religion is one of the oldest forms of religion. Evidence of burial practices has been dated to as early as

5000 BCE. Today, Chinese religion is a complex mix of Chinese folk religion, Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Communist anti-religious sentiment. In order to understand modern expressions of Chinese religion, it is important to learn about the past.

China has been a multi-religion country since the ancient times. It is well known that Confucianism is an indigenous religion and is the soul of Chinese culture, which enjoyed popular support among people and even became the guiding ideology for feudalism society, but it did not develop into a national belief. It makes the culture more tolerant to others, thus, many other religions have been brought into the country in different dynasties, but none of them developed powerful enough in the history and they only provide diverse people more spiritual support.

The process of decline of Feudalism

M.A History First Year Courses Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016 Sessions

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAIL SOCITIES

Course Code: MHI-01

Assignment Code: MHI-01/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q6:- Analyse the process of decline of Feudalism. Was it related with the growth of urban centres?

Ans : Feudalism was the dominant social system In Europe for much of the Middle Ages but began to decline in the late 1400s. Historians have identified a number of reasons for this decline, beginning first with the Black Death, the plague which ravaged Europe between 1348 and 1352. This devastating epidemic caused the deaths of approximately one-third of medieval society, from the lowly serf to the landed gentry. When the plague had passed, peasants demanded higher wages and better conditions and their social superiors had no choice but to give in.

The Mongols

M.A History First Year Courses Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016 Sessions

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAIL SOCITIES

Course Code: MHI-01

Assignment Code: MHI-01/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q: Write a short note on The Mongols.

The high plateau of Mongolia, east of the Altai mountains, is rivalled only by Scandinavia as a region from which successive waves of tribesmen have emerged to prey upon more sedentary neighbours. Mongolia is the original homeland of both Turks and Mongols, two groups much intermingled in history and loosely related in their languages.

Mongolia is an ideal starting point for..........

Median kingdom

M.A History First Year Courses Assignments

For July 2015 and January 2016 Sessions

ANCIENT & MEDIEVAIL SOCITIES

Course Code: MHI-01

Assignment Code: MHI-01/AST/TMA/2015-16

Total Marks: 100

Q : Write a short note on Median kingdom

Ans : The Median Kingdom was made up largely of the Medes and can be located on the Bible Timeline Poster with History during 750 BC. These people were natives of ancient Iran, and they settled in a place called Media, which is now situated in southeastern Turkey and northwestern part of Iran. They first came to the region when.................

Friday, September 16, 2016